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Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2021In canine visceral leishmaniasis, coinfections can aggravate the disease. Our aim was to investigate Brucella canis in dogs infected with Leishmania infantum. One...
In canine visceral leishmaniasis, coinfections can aggravate the disease. Our aim was to investigate Brucella canis in dogs infected with Leishmania infantum. One hundred and six L. infantum-seropositive dogs were submitted to serology for B. canis, PCR for B. canis and L. infantum, and histopathological analysis of the genital tract. Anti-B. canis antibodies were detected in seven dogs whose clinical signs, L. infantum load and histological alterations were similar to those of seronegative animals. The circulation of anti-B. canis antibodies was low but demonstrates the exposure of dogs to this bacterium in a visceral leishmaniasis-endemic area.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Genitalia; Leishmania infantum; Leishmaniasis, Visceral; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 34878047
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120201682 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022Three adult littermates were diagnosed with of which were diagnosed with discospondylitis. The first littermate, a 2-year-old spayed-female Labrador Retriever, was...
Three adult littermates were diagnosed with of which were diagnosed with discospondylitis. The first littermate, a 2-year-old spayed-female Labrador Retriever, was evaluated for progressive episodes of cervical pain, lethargy, reported circling to the right, and a right-sided head tilt. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine revealed changes consistent with discospondylitis at C6-C7. MRI of the brain was unremarkable and cerebrospinal fluid analysis was declined. spp. was isolated from aerobic and Brucella blood cultures. PCR performed on the isolate identified and indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) testing for also confirmed the species. Patient #1 was treated with doxycycline and marbofloxacin for 1 year. Clinical signs returned 2-years after diagnosis. Following the diagnosis of patient #1, a known littermate (patient #2) was tested for . Patient #2 was 2 years old and asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Aerobic and spp. cultures, PCR, and IFA were obtained and were diagnostic for . A 6-month course of marbofloxacin and doxycycline was implemented. The patient remained PCR positive following 4 months of treatment and repeat cultures were planned following 6 months of treatment; however, the patient was lost to follow-up. A third littermate (patient #3) was identified by the family of patient #1. Patient #3 was evaluated at 18 months of age for a 6-month history of progressive lumbosacral pain. Spinal radiographs revealed discospondylitis of the C3-C4, T12-T13, and L7-S1 vertebral endplates. Computed tomography (CT) of the lumbosacral spine was also consistent with discospondylitis at L7-S1. serologic testing consisting of rapid slide agglutination test, 2ME-rapid slide agglutination test, and cytoplasmic agar gel immunodiffusion was positive. Enrofloxacin was administered for 7 months and was discontinued thereafter based on radiographic evidence of healing and resolution of clinical signs. Although is not a rare disease in dogs, the documentation of two out of three adult littermates with associated discospondylitis is an interesting feature. In addition, this report highlights available diagnostic and treatment options, as each patient was managed differently based on clinical signs and the preference of the managing clinician.
PubMed: 36277065
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.958390 -
Heliyon Jul 2020, a Gram-negative coccobacilli belonging to the genus , is a pathogenic bacterium that can produce infections in dogs and humans. Multiple studies have been carried out...
, a Gram-negative coccobacilli belonging to the genus , is a pathogenic bacterium that can produce infections in dogs and humans. Multiple studies have been carried out to develop diagnostic techniques to detect all zoonotic . Diagnosis of infection is challenging due to the lack of highly specific and sensitive diagnostic assays. This work was divided in two phases: in the first one, were identified antigenic proteins in that could potentially be used for serological diagnosis of brucellosis. Human sera positive for canine brucellosis infection was used to recognize immunoreactive proteins that were then identified by performing 2D-GEL and immunoblot assays. These spots were analyzed using MALDI TOF MS and predicted proteins were identified. Of the 35 protein spots analyzed, 14 proteins were identified and subsequently characterized using bioinformatics, two of this were selected for the next phase. In the second phase, we developed and validated an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using those recombinant proteins: inosine 5' phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit beta (PdhB) and elongation factor Tu (Tuf). These genes were PCR-amplified from genomic DNA of strain Oliveri, cloned, and expressed in . Recombinant proteins were purified by metal affinity chromatography, and used as antigens in indirect ELISA. Serum samples from healthy and -infected humans and dogs were used to evaluate the performance of indirect ELISAs. Our results suggest that PdhB and Tuf proteins could be used as antigens for serologic detection of infection in humans, but not in dogs. The use of recombinant antigens in iELISA assays to detect -specific antibodies in human serum could be a valuable tool to improve diagnosis of human brucellosis caused by .
PubMed: 32685723
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04393 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2021Research has been undertaken to understand the host immune response to infection because of the importance of the disease in the public health field and the clinical...
Research has been undertaken to understand the host immune response to infection because of the importance of the disease in the public health field and the clinical field. However, the previous mechanisms governing this infection have not been elucidated. Therefore, models, which mimic the infection route using a canine epithelial cell line, D17, and a canine macrophage, DH82, were established to determine these mechanisms by performing an analysis of the transcriptomes in the cells. In this study, a coculture model was constructed by using the D17 cell line and DH82 cell line in a transwell plate. Also, a single cell line culture system using DH82 was performed. After the stimulation of the cells in the two different systems infected with , the gene expression in the macrophages of the two different systems was analyzed by using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), and a transcriptomic analysis was performed by using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Gene expression patterns were analyzed in the DH82 cell line at 2, 12, and 24 h after the stimulation with . Changes in the upregulated or downregulated genes showing 2-fold or higher were identified at each time point by comparing with the non-stimulated group. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two culture models were identified by using the IPA program. Generally, the number of genes expressed in the single cell line culture was higher than the number of genes expressed in the coculture model for all-time points. The expression levels of those genes were higher in the single cell line culture ( < 0.05). This analysis indicated that the immune response-related pathways, especially, the dendritic cell maturation, Triggering receptor expression on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1) signaling, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, were significantly induced in both the culture systems with higher -values and -scores. An increase in the expression level of genes related to the pathways was observed over time. All pathways are commonly associated with a manifestation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and early immune responses. However, the Peroxisome proliferator-activation receptor (PPAR) signaling and Liver X Receptor/Retinoid X Receptor (LXR/RXR) signaling associated with lipid metabolism were reduced. These results indicate that early immune responses might be highly activated in infection. Therefore, these results might suggest clues to reveal the early immune response of the canine to infection, particularly TLR signaling.
PubMed: 33829052
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.619759 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2019Brucellosis is an important bacterial zoonosis caused by and in Pakistan. The status of canine brucellosis caused by remains obscure. In total, 181 serum samples were...
Brucellosis is an important bacterial zoonosis caused by and in Pakistan. The status of canine brucellosis caused by remains obscure. In total, 181 serum samples were collected from stray and working dogs in two different prefectures viz. Faisalabad ( = 87) and Bahawalpur ( = 94). Presence of antibodies against and was determined using the slow agglutination test (SAT) and ELISA, respectively. Real-time PCR was performed to detect and differentiate DNA at the species level. In Faisalabad, the serological prevalence was found to be 9.2% (8/87) and 10.3% (9/87) by SAT and ELISA, respectively. Only one of the ELISA positive samples (1.15%) yielded amplification for DNA. In Bahawalpur, 63.8% (60/94) samples were found positive by SAT; however, none of the samples was positive by ELISA or by real-time PCR. Location, age (≥1 year) and body condition (weak) were found to be associated with infection, whereas presence of wounds was found to be associated with infection only. These findings point towards a risk of transmission from dog to livestock and humans and vice versa. The study expects to draw the attention of concerned authorities towards infection prevention and animal welfare. This study warrants further epidemiological investigation on brucellosis in pet dogs and their owners. To the best of our knowledge, this is first ever report on and in dogs in Pakistan.
PubMed: 31847082
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040294 -
Veterinaria Italiana Nov 2022Brucellosis is a contagious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella, which can affect different animal species. Dogs may occasionally be infected with B....
Brucellosis is a contagious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella, which can affect different animal species. Dogs may occasionally be infected with B. abortus, B. melitensis or B. suis, or by the endemic form of the disease, caused by B. canis. Among the brucellosis‑affecting domestic animals, that of the dog is certainly the least frequent, but also the least studied. Canine brucellosis due to B. canis represents the dog‑specific brucellosis, both because it is the main susceptible animal species, and because it constitutes its fundamental reservoir of infection. The disease can also affect humans, although its course does not assume the characteristics of severity typical of the infection determined by the 'classical' species of the genus Brucella. In Italy, there are frequent imports of dogs from countries where the disease is present, often with non‑controlled movements and without sanitary controls. Considering that the zoonotic potential of the disease can be favored by the close cohabitation between man and dog, which occurs especially in urban environments, canine brucellosis has to be regarded as a public health problem susceptible to introduction and spread in the Italian territory.
Topics: Male; Dogs; Animals; Humans; Brucella canis; Dog Diseases; Brucellosis; Brucella; Animals, Domestic
PubMed: 35766163
DOI: 10.12834/VetIt.2561.16874.1 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Aug 2018Brucella canis infects dogs and humans. In dogs, it can cause reproductive failure; in humans, it can cause fever, chills, malaise, peripheral lymphadenomegaly, and...
Brucella canis infects dogs and humans. In dogs, it can cause reproductive failure; in humans, it can cause fever, chills, malaise, peripheral lymphadenomegaly, and splenomegaly. B. canis infection in dogs is underrecognized. After evaluating serologic data, transmission patterns, and regulations in the context of brucellosis in dogs as an underrecognized zoonosis, we concluded that brucellosis in dogs remains endemic to many parts of the world and will probably remain a threat to human health and animal welfare unless stronger intervention measures are implemented. A first step for limiting disease spread would be implementation of mandatory testing of dogs before interstate or international movement.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Protozoan; Brucella canis; Brucellosis; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Global Health; Humans; Public Health; Sensitivity and Specificity; Zoonoses
PubMed: 30014831
DOI: 10.3201/eid2408.171171 -
Clinical Techniques in Small Animal... May 2004In recent years, blood-component therapy has become more accessible in veterinary practice. As with human medicine, care must be taken to minimize the risk of disease... (Review)
Review
In recent years, blood-component therapy has become more accessible in veterinary practice. As with human medicine, care must be taken to minimize the risk of disease transmission from donor to recipient. Determining the appropriate diseases to screen for is complicated by regional variations in disease incidence, the existence of chronic carrier states for some diseases, the difficulty in screening-test selection, and testing cost. The feline diseases considered include retroviral infections, feline coronaviruses, ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis-like), anaplasmosis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum), neorickettsiosis (Neorickettsia risticii), hemoplasmosis (Mycoplasma hemofelis and M. hemominutum, previously feline hemobartonellosis), and cytauxzoonosis (Cytauxzoon felis). The canine diseases considered in this paper include babesiosis (Babesia canis and B. gibsonii,) ehrlichiosis (E. canis and E. ewingii), anaplasmosis (A. phagocytophilum), neorickettsiosis (N. risticii var. atypicalis), leishmaniasis (Leishmania donovani complex), brucellosis (Brucella canis), hemoplasmosis (M. hemocanis, previously canine hemobartonellosis), and bartonellosis (Bartonella vinsonii).
Topics: Animals; Babesiosis; Blood Transfusion; Blood-Borne Pathogens; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Leishmaniasis; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Retroviridae Infections; Transfusion Reaction; Trypanosomiasis
PubMed: 15179926
DOI: 10.1053/j.ctsap.2004.01.002 -
Archives of Microbiology May 2021Gram-negative bacteria release nanovesicles, called outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), from their outer membrane. Proteomics has been used to determine their composition.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Gram-negative bacteria release nanovesicles, called outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), from their outer membrane. Proteomics has been used to determine their composition. OMVs contain proteins able to elicit an immune response, so they have been proposed as a model to develop acellular vaccines. In this study, OMVs of Brucella suis, B. ovis, B. canis, and B. neotomae were purified and analyzed by SDS-PAGE, transmission electron microscopy and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to determine the pan-proteome of these vesicles. In addition, antigenic proteins were detected by western blot with anti-Brucella sera. The in silico analysis of the pan-proteome revealed many homologous proteins, such as Omp16, Omp25, Omp31, SodC, Omp2a, and BhuA. Proteins contained in the vesicles from different Brucella species were detected by anti-Brucella sera. The occurrence of previously described immunogenic proteins derived from OMVs supports the use of these vesicles as candidates to be evaluated as an acellular brucellosis vaccine.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Proteins; Brucella; Brucella canis; Brucella ovis; Brucella suis; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Proteome; Proteomics
PubMed: 33432377
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02170-w -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases May 2019Brucella abortus and B. melitensis have been reported in several studies in animals in Zimbabwe but the extent of the disease remains poorly known. Thus, characterizing...
Brucella abortus and B. melitensis have been reported in several studies in animals in Zimbabwe but the extent of the disease remains poorly known. Thus, characterizing the circulating strains is a critical first step in understanding brucellosis in the country. In this study we used an array of molecular assays including AMOS-PCR, Bruce-ladder, multiple locus variable number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) and single nucleotide polymorphisms from whole genome sequencing (WGS-SNP) to characterize Brucella isolates to the species, biovar, and individual strain level. Sixteen Brucella strains isolated in Zimbabwe at the Central Veterinary laboratory from various hosts were characterized using all or some of these assays. The strains were identified as B. ovis, B. abortus, B. canis and B. suis, with B. canis being the first report of this species in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwean strains identified as B. suis and B. abortus were further characterized with whole genome sequencing and were closely related to reference strains 1330 and 86/8/59, respectively. We demonstrate the range of different tests that can be performed from simple assays that can be run in laboratories lacking sophisticated instrumentation to whole genome analyses that currently require substantial expertise and infrastructure often not available in the developing world.
Topics: Animals; Brucella abortus; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Genome, Bacterial; Genotype; Minisatellite Repeats; Phylogeny; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Swine; Swine Diseases; Zimbabwe
PubMed: 31107864
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007311